Essay about Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin

A Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin Corporation Colby Scott LeTourneau University A Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin corporation The world of finance in today’s market is one of numerous ups and downs. With the global economy in constant flux, it is more important than every for companies to examine their financial status and compare their position to that of the relative market as well as their fellow competitors. In order to better understand the ways in which today’s managers examine their position on the market and evaluate their current value as a company we will examine the financial data of Lockheed Martin Corporation and perform a detailed financial analysis on the company. In this†¦show more content†¦Today, the Lockheed Martin Corporation is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland and employs 126,000 people worldwide. The company is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration, and sustainment of advanced technology systems. Lockheed also serves both domestic and international customers wi th products and services that have defense, civil, and commercial applications, with their principal customers being agencies of the U.S. Government. In 2011, 84% of their $45.8 billion in net sales were made to the U.S. Government, either as a prime contractor or as a subcontractor. Lockheed’s U.S. Government sales were made to both Department of Defense (DoD) and non-DoD agencies. Sales to foreign governments (including foreign military sales funded, in whole or in part, by the U.S. Government) amounted to 15% of net sales in 2011. The remainder of net sales was attributable to commercial and other customers. In 2011, net sales at Aeronautics of $13.2 billion represented 29% of their total net sales. Aeronautics has three principal lines of business and the percentage that each contributed to its 2011 net sales was 68 percent combat aircraft, 20 percent air mobility, and 12 percent in other aeronautics programs. 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The Fundamentals of Historical Essay Topics Revealed

The Fundamentals of Historical Essay Topics Revealed Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are essential to support your understanding of academic writing style. A superb collection historical analysis essay topic that'll be suitable to anybody is hard to find, because everyone has their own preferences. You will need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data too. If you don't have an urge to waste time on choosing the best topic and writing the entire argumentative essay from scratch, don't forget you've a loyal group of professionals by your side. All you will need is the proper topic. By way of example, how to make the absolute most out of your Saturday afternoon isn't a fantastic topic (although all of us know it's sleeping in and watching cartoons). Employing code you are able to make programs that may answer math issues, which would take someone, days to calculate in a succinct second. Furthermore, the points you communicate have to be factual. This way you'll restrict your topics to the one which is most appropriate for you. Talking over your favorite topic with your supervisor should hopefully avoid choosing a poor topic. The Historical Essay Topics Trap The latest history analyses the woman strategies which have been used to permit the women get in the male dominated areas. You should read enough small business ideas from successful businessmen. Most men take jobs that may consist of dangerous pursuits. Men in the majority of work places work for longer hours in comparison with women. What can be done in order to make a more well-rounded curriculum for middle and higher school students. Students are occasionally overwhelmed when asked to create original, critical work. Well, here you'll locate unique items for each college student. Historical Essay Topics: No Longer a Mystery For students, writing such a document is among the several assignments that they should do. Write a list of ideas you've got or a list of things you're interested in. The process isn't easy if you don't have enough details. In addition, you get unlimited revisions. The writing process is going to be a pleasure, and your reader will delight in reading your bit of academic writing. A good example will give a general idea. In any case, it must attract your readers' attention, and thus it ought to be brief and right to the point. Your reader will have the ability to tell too. Or the paper might concentrate on medical discoveries, like the polio vaccine or penicillin. There are a lot of sources that you can acquire historical details on gender. From political instability to the dearth of food, there's a lot we want to go over. Find out more about the very first decade of film production to learn what themes were most common. Take into consideration the subject of the history essay you've already written before. If you wish to compose a very good history essay you'd better pick a topic that's familiar to you. Deciding upon the proper essay topic can at times be rather hard. Deciding on the topic for your essay could possibly be the hardest part. Don't forget, proposal essays serve a purpose outside academia. Because they are a type of argumentative essay, you want to be sure the essay is worthy of an argument. Narrative essays serve wide range of purposes. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. What You Should Do to Find Out About Historical Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. Perhaps you still must understand more about the way to compose a history paper. To begin with, the paper is passed through Copyscape application to ensure it's not plagiarized. It is an impossible task to write a very good history paper if you write about something you find boring and don't care about whatsoever. With the aid of such template, you can generate a prosperous paper on any political, religious or another leader. Besides, you're permitted to communicate directly with the writer handling your paper so you can make any clarifications. As a historian you must interrogate your sources and ask the crucial questions. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources.

Organizational Performance in the RMG Sector-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Efficient Operational Management Can Improve Organizational Performance in the RMG Sector of Bangladesh (Fakir Fashion Limited)? Answer: Introduction Management research includes dynamic theories and rationale into the nature of performance, measures of performance and their applications (Davis, 2015). Different research questions create a quest for insight into accurate findings on organizational issues. Local and regional factors affect management practices too (Del la Monte Paquet, 2012). The clothing and textile industry in Bangladesh is amongst the leading exporter with booming business opportunities for local and global agencies (Stacey, 2017). This implies a high level of competition for its Ready Made garments (RMG). This multimillion-dollar industry in an environment with cheap labor benefits. As a result, questions about the working environment, fair remuneration, the safety or health of the workers, energy efficiency and resource management arise (Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls, Ormston). Operation Management is important in modern organizations because it determines the success of the brand (Greasley, 2013). It involves th e creation as well as the delivery of goods and services to the customers. The process calls for strategies that enhance quality as well as efficiency. Scientific research delves into efficiency elements in their variations including contemporary tools such as technology inputs. Using four theoretical approaches namely positivism, pragmatism, interpretivism and realism this research method determines the most appropriate mode of inquiry into the title. Background of the study In order to explain the dependent variable with the independent variables It is important to understand their dynamics. Organizational performance as an integral part of management research calls for a multidimensional approach (Killen, Juddev, Drouin, Pett, 2012). Different factors that affect management include stakeholders, market factors, time, operational efficiency and organizational objectives. This research focuses on efficient operational management as one of these factors. In order to measure efficient operations at the Fakir Fashion Limited, it is important to study the organizational elements, which include leadership, organizational culture, and performance metrics such as customer expectations, shareholders and employee participation. This breaks down the complex notion into smaller elements such as time, safety; cost effectiveness, availability of resources, quality, and management factors (Monczka, Handfield, Giupero, Patterson, 2015). Rationale of the study The purpose of the research method is to explain why evidence based management is important. To understand this, a reflection of diverse sections of management is necessary. Operations can perform better with improvements in Human Resource, leadership and business functions. Evidence based data provides reliable solutions for various decisions of an organization. Research guides investment decisions used for strategic management principles. The philosophical methods determine the scientific logic taken. Significance of the study This research gathers evidence from primary and secondary data from previous findings, market statistics, and organizational data. This includes online data sources. Interviews are good because they facilitate for organizational factors. These are effective in carrying out research featuring management variables. It captures data from surveys, interviews and focus groups in culturally focused groups. It looks at the pros and cons of the tools. For example, interviews can have a bias because of the personal approach and further probing, unlike observations, which have limitation. Interviews and observations provide reliable qualitative data while surveys and sampling give quantitative data. The method acknowledges challenges in the management of qualitative data because of missing information. Statement of the problem Organizational efficiency is a multiple concept phenomenon, which involves approaches in management theory. Using the case study of Fakir Fashion, the methodology gathers data from secondary material and observation research, which have stronger validity and in-depth understanding. With action research at the center stage, the methodology devises interventions amidst challenges of consistency (Coughlan Brannick, 2014). The case study captures data from a specific group of interest-the fashion industry. Background of the Industry The Ready Made Garment (RMG) industry accounts for more than 70% of exports in Bangladesh. With exports across the globe, the industry invests in efficiency production for better performance (Adnan Islam, 2016). Several factors contribute to the success of this industry. Government trade policies in the textile sector encourage its growth as the second largest exporter of garments in the world. Besides the investment in corporate policies, textile manufacturers also have internal strategies for successful business operations. Background of the company Fakir Fashion pioneered in 2009 is a clothing manufacturer in the global industry. Its products range from shirts, polos, boxers and knit wear. With a wide product range that targets adults and children, the brand invests in efficient operations that will maximize its potential while minimizing on costs. As a result, the brand enjoys a revenue turnover of more than $155 million annually. The brand has different business units including Fakir Texwear for advanced technology production of top-notch apparel. The brand has in pipeline plans to introduce the lean technology as part of its productivity plans. Research Questions The research questions on operational efficiency at the Fakir Fashion Limited include: a) What is the role of efficiency in organizational performance? b) Which factors influence efficiency in the Fashion industry? c) What role does efficient operational management play in improving Fakir Fashion Limited? c) How can Fakir Fashion make strategic implementations? d) Which technology factors influence organizational performance? e) Which techniques are effective in operational management for Fakir Fashion? Research Objectives The objectives of the research are: To prove the connection between efficient operational management and organizational performance To define the operational management concept of efficiency for a product level To describe organizational performance from the perspective of efficient operations To analyze factors that contribute to efficiency in operation management To bring out contemporary management operation concerns for organizations Highlight gaps in management research Research Methodology The literature review explains the process of transforming the raw material into a finished product. It asks the question, how does the efficient operational management improve organizational performance in the RMG sector in Bangladesh? In order to answer this question, it refers to Fakir Fashion Limited. The collapse of the Rana Plaza with a clothing factoring hosting 1045 employees led to loss of lives making safety a major issue in the Bangladesh RMG Sector. This paper uses theoretical approaches to unfold the scientific truth behind the improved performance phenomenon. Research theory shows the model for data collection concerning an inquiry. It is the objective analysis of what is truth against the notion, through a scientific process. It disputes beliefs and common knowledge that lacks scientific proof. With four types of research approaches to guide an effective research process, it shows how research philosophy, defines the theory, followed by a research method within a speci fied time. Research Onion In order to define the title Collis and Roger provide a practical guide to research pointing out that the classification of research is critical because it brings out differences and similarities (Collis Roger, 2013, p. 13). This title is important because it shapes the research through different dimensions. Theory in research is important because it provides the following: Valid data Detailed qualitative data Scientific approach to actions with rationalized thoughts In-depth analysis of results Multiple approaches For a deeper understanding of training, compensation packages and development an analysis of HR practices is crucial (Dessler, 2015). Theory unfolds the diversity in the workplace in order to devise strategies for implementation. The four types of secondary data obtained focuses on the following theoretical approaches: Positivism Realism Interpretivism Pragmatism Research Philosophy Positivism Positivism defines social rules, decisions and general moral judgments based on reason. The use of logic forms a standard for the determination of fact or truth because of the empirical evidence gathered from researching or verifying data (Maxwell, 2012). Personal, intellectual and real life situations motivate researchers towards studying notions scientifically. A deeper analysis of the goals of research brings out qualitative understanding of concepts. For example, to understand the role of the human organization, a closer look at some of the factors of success such as motivation is important. It searches for objectivity, rational and logical approaches by looking at the causes that influence human actions. Positivism pros and cons Supported by Emile Durkheim positivism is important in the study of the modern and postmodern organization theory (Hatch Cunliffe, 2012). It brings out the role of modern structures, environmental factors like technology and internal influencers such as power. Using observation and quantifiable measurements makes it a trusted method that analyzes observable trends such as employee attitude towards open and closed office models. It deduces the motivational attitude or de-motivational factor of performance. Positivism is factual and favors research into human-interest topics. Its connection with natural law makes it reliable for studying the relationship between innovative technology, and improved efficiency. Despite the benefits, its accuracy depends on the data collection process and it hinders participatory research. It may not be ideal for studies on behavioral categories because it makes assumptions on processes and depends on status quo (Loughlin, 2012). Positivism also has a limit of depending on experiences for knowledge, hence a wider range of analysis. A study into organizational performance may look at the benefits of motivation in employee performance but will leave out cause effects, time factors, and space. Realism is the search for truth without using supernatural explanations, speculations or abstract forms. Its process ensures that knowledge is beyond imagination and that it is real, accurate and offers detailed explanations (Sarantakos, 2012). The first step is to conceptualize a framework using existing research or theories. For example, organizations as complex institutions managed by different leaders depict different outcomes. Realism is important because it highlights different features independently. It explains organizational development with different explanations such as individual contributions, internal and external factors. Pros and cons When studying human psychology factors such as employee motivation and attitude (Feng, Huang, Kallmann, Shapiro, 2012). Realism provides for an analysis of internal and external factors. It measures object properties like sizes and human perceptions making it ideal for an analysis of the worker's attitude and organizational culture. It fails to measure values hence does not explain illusions and practices. Interpretivism Its proponents are Max Weber and George Simmel who handled their research in a subjective manner. The theorists focus on the normative rather than a generalized perspective. This social constructionism forms part of the observation process for the main explanations concerning an inquiry. It adds value to the data, giving it a better understanding of the idea. Its concepts include other perspective and complex matters for a concrete theoretical framework. This explains why it has a theoretical explanation. It samples small numbers for specific reasons. Interpretivism. Byme (2013) looks into the truths about a belief or a desire without the favor of the subject's ideas. It analyses the research elements of a study including human interest, human behavior, and trends. This is different from positivism, which approaches research with a generalized perspective. Although positivists stick to rigid structure, interpretivism has a flexible approach that seems personalized and open to informa tion. Pros and Cons Its benefits include proposed research into human studies like norms, cultural values, and processes in society. In studying organizations, it would be ideal for studies about the influence of cultural symbols on personal beliefs and practices. This is a reliable theory for group research because it highlights the values in order to help in the definition of social action. Its use of interviews for data collection provides primary data while observation adds value to the information for higher validity. However, the small samples take a lot of time and may not be representative enough (Rahman, 2016). It does not favor research that requires in-depth analysis hence it is anti-positivism. It advocates for a deeper understanding of ideas, and concepts used in research. It focuses on cultural subjectivism, which could lead to bias in research and compromised data. Both the interviewed and researcher could have a bias. This ignores the fact that scientific research in Social Science should be representative and reliable at all costs. Besides the ethical issues, its data also becomes hard to replicate in other scenarios. Especially in time-related interpretations (Collis Roger, 2013, p. 100). Pragmatism Pragmatism believes in truth as the knowledge that has undergone practical experience. An idea, which is practical, must prove itself in the application. To understand the efficient management of operational decisions, an insight into the technology operational decisions is necessary (Benjaafar, Li, Daskin, 2013). Unlike the philosophical approach to truth, pragmatism weighs the practical and it combines ideas from previous research to add onto it or give a new direction. As long as the idea is practical in meaning or gives satisfactory explanations, it becomes acceptable. Pros and cons Easton, (2010) points at advantages and disadvantages of realism in case study to point out that it raises questions about the foundation of truths. Despite this, it is a plus for intensive and extensive research because of the statistical analysis of trends. Focusing on specific cases like Fakir Fashion may leave out questions on what, where and who. These reflect in time frequency and continuous processes like Fakirs management operation changes. Research Type This descriptive research is an overall understanding of the models through the impact of the independent and dependent variables. It uses samples to study the economic viability such as online services, marketing and customer relations (Laudon Traver, 2013). The use of interactive media gives it an advantage in the study of experiences. Its multimedia channel facilitates for the integration of websites, links, social media, and different channels for better experiments. Literature review is systematic analysis of the correlations. Research Approach A research strategy is the analysis of the tools, theories, and the models relates to the dependent and independent variables. When studying individuals in an organization, interviews may have limitations such as the worker taking part in the study declining to give certain information (Collis Roger, 2013, p. 148). However, when this occurs, an alternative method of observation provides a boost. This gives interpretivism an upper hand. Research actions show the peoples response to social issues and research is keen on the outcomes as well as the anticipated social, psychological as well as physical consequences (Collis, Roger, 2013, p. 158) Research Strategy Organizational Performance Factors Different organizations have different factors of performance. In the service and product sector, innovation, market competition, customer choice and managerial factors are important. Shun, Srinivasan, Longenthian, (2012) discuss ways on how to manage operational efficiency through heuristic optimization. This is significant in saving energy resources in the service sector. However, employee commitment is major influencers in the service sector while creativity affects the product sectors more Efficient Operational Management This is the independent variable provides a measure of elements, which could be in an organizations leadership, objectives, goals, and operations. Aligning these in the right direction depends on research methodology. An inquest into the effectiveness of its inventory process, quality controls and supply chains may require a combination of approaches. The positivist approach looks into the importance of professional while interpretivism explains the role of the relationships in creating a competitive advantage. Research Models The research model involves: The identification of the problem, which is operational management at Fakir Background research Literature Review Identification of research design and instruments Development of appropriate research model and Data collection Data analysis Hypothesis The variables are efficient operational performance, organizational performance and operational management. These for the hypothesis Efficient operational management and improved organizational performance in the RMG sector of Bangladeshs Fakir Fashion Limited. These are specific, and measurable for specific results obtained through a scientific method. Data collection methods The study procedures will turn the information in the data collected into numbers for an analysis. The Interviews and observation provide qualitative data while literature from past research is for the secondary data. Literature review includes data from global and local research within the past ten years. Sampling Techniques The statistical tests of the hypotheses give results from the survey and case study analysis. Samples feature data from the Asian region with a specific interest in the Fashion and textile production industry. Probability sampling is used as it allows for generalization and test hypothesis. Cluster sampling of cases in the industry within Bangladesh, Asia and globally applies. This is different from the systematic samples, which are better for uniform distribution of samples. Sampling is ideal because it captures the subset of the population under focus for stronger deductions. Sample size The sample size used depends on the survey questions for workers in the RMG industry. Fakir Fashion has an employee base of over 5000 therefore; a sample size of 300-500 employee is preferable. The survey data comes from previous large-scale data analysis and interviews. Data analysis Survey questions Using a Likert scale as the research instruments for psychometric data analysis the research measures concepts in terms of the range between the variables. On a scale of 1-5 for strongly disagree and agree respectively. For example, it looks at questions like: Does employee motivation affect operation management? How does leadership at Fakir Fashion improve efficiency? What is the experience in similar organization? How can the operation management department enhance efficiency in the RMG sector? Conclusion Operation management without efficiency limits the performance of an organization. This is because efficiency depends on factors of performance management such as employee performance, decision-making, leadership and operation functions. The reliability and validity of the research compliments the scope of the findings based on the primary and secondary data. Methods and tools of research encourage this process. Consideration for ethical factors points at some limitations of the research tools as well as the methods. The research project takes a period of 12 weeks and its conceptual framework adopts the analysis of outcomes, operational efficiency and competitiveness for the market. This provides a comprehensive approach that integrates different methods of data collection and analysis. Software applications include NVIVO and SPSS for statistical analysis and project management. Operation management measures capture data for Fakir Fashion as well as the RGM industry. It is also an in depth analysis of previous research into management practices across industries. The findings bring out gaps in management research, operation management, organizational development and efficient operations. Its specific analysis targets problems in the internal as well as the external environment of the industry. This contemporary approach considers traditional approaches by founding fathers in social science research. A blend of realism, positivism, interpretivism and pragmatism covers important management practices for this study. Bibliography Benjaafar, S., Li, Y., Daskin, M. (2013). Carbon footprint and the management of supply chains: Insights from simple models. IEEE transactions on automation science and engineering, 10(1), 99-116. Byme, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with EQS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge. Collis, J., Roger, H. (2013). Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave Macmillan. Coughlan, D., Brannick, T. (2014). Doing action research in your own organization. Sage. Davis, F. G. (2015). What is management research actually good for? HBR. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2015/05/what-is-management-research-actually-good-for Del la Monte, J., Paquet, G. (. (2012). Local and regional systems of innovation (Vol. 14). Springer Science Business Media. Dessler, G. (2015). Human resource management. Pearson. Easton, G. (2010). Critical realism in case study research. Industrial marketing management, 39(1), 118-128. Feng, A., Huang, Y., Kallmann, M., Shapiro, A. (2012, November). An analysis of motion blending techniques. In international conference on motion in games. Berlin, Hieldelberg: Springer. Greasley, A. (. (2013). Operations management (Third ed.). UK: Wiley. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2012). Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford: Oxford university Press. Hatch, M., Cunliffe, A. (2012). Organization theory: Modern, Symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford University Press. Killen, C. P., Juddev, K., Drouin, N., Pett, Y. (2012). Advancing project and portfolio management research: Applying strategic management theories. International Journal of Project Management, 30(5), 525-538. Laudon, K., Traver, C. (2013). E-Commerce (Fourth Edition ed.). Pearson. Loughlin, N. (2012). The benefits and disadvantages of Post-positivism in international theory. E-International Relations Students. Retrieved from https://www.e-ir.info/2012/01/20/what-are-the-benefits-and-disadvantages-of-post-positivism-for-international-theory/ Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (Vol. 41). Sage. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R., Giupero, L. C., Patterson, J. (2015). Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage. Rahman, M. (2016). The advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in language 'testing and assessment' research: A literature review. Research Gate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309889936_The_Advantages_and_Disadvantages_of_Using_Qualitative_and_Quantitative_Approaches_and_Methods_in_Language_Testing_and_Assessment_Research_A_Literature_Review Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C., Ormston, R. (. (n.d.). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and research. Sage. Sarantakos, S. (2012). Social research. Palgrave macmillan. Shun, T., Srinivasan, T., Longenthian, T. (2012). Demand side management in smart grid using heuristic optimization. IEEE transactions on smart grid, 3(3), 1244-1252. Stacey, K. (2017). Bangladesh garment-making success prompts fears for wider economy. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/5cd0d9ea-d316-11e6-9341-7393bb2e1b51

The Pros and Cons of Legalizing Meth free essay sample

A methamphetamine is an amine derivative of amphetamine used in the form of its crystalline hydrochloride as a central nervous system stimulant, both medically and illicitly. Long- term methamphetamine abuse may result in many undesired effects including addiction. Meth addicts constantly crave the singular sensation of highness that comes from introducing the drug into their system. Eventually this can lead to anxiety, insomnia, and poor dental hygiene, loss of self –esteem and feelings of paranoia. Meth tolerance builds over time in inverse proportion to the tolerance others might have for the user. The user must either increase the dosage or add â€Å"enhancements† such as baking powder, bleach, or drain cleaner. Chronic abuse can lead to psychotic behavior characterized by mild confusion, amusement at things that are not funny and sexual side effects. Extreme violence is also a common occurrence. Some say that the use of meth is about fun and an â€Å"out of world experience†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of Legalizing Meth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Others contend that while it may be fun, it is extremely dangerous. Most of those who favor the legalization in some form use two arguments. The first is that an approach to drugs based on prohibition and use of the justice system does not work. It produces excessive rates of incarceration, and cost more money. The other argument is that the government has no right to involve themselves in what people may or may not choose to ingest. What they recommend instead is a policy based on educational and public health approaches, similar to that of alcohol and tobacco. A greater harm is imposed on society by prohibiting any substance leading to the reduced availability of treatment for those who truly desire it. It also helps to control unregulated dosages, unclean needles and the spread of disease. Opponents of the legislation to legalize drugs say that the government has made significant progress in fighting drug and trafficking in America. Now is not the time to abandon 3 efforts. A balanced approach of prevention, enforcement, and treatment is the key in the fight against drugs. They believe that illegal drugs are illegal because of the harm that they cause and that crime, violence, and drug use go hand in hand. The legalization of drugs will lead to the increased use and increased levels of addiction. Both proponents and opponents of legalization produce good arguments. Proponents produce the question of legal limitation involving the government. With alcohol and tobacco available to the public, how harmful must a drug be to be illegal? Opponents of legalization fail to address the issue of alcohol and tobacco. Alcohol and tobacco are both legal drugs that have a negative effect on an individual. After considering both sides of the argument, we feel that meth is ultimately bad for you. It should be avoided at all cost. There is no sure method to monitor distribution of the product to underage children. There are too many harmful side-effects that have a direct consequence on the abuser and their surrounding loved ones. Because there is a constant desire to maintain high, increased addiction is probable because of its availability if made legal. Legalization does not control the rate of crime. We are opponents of the legalization of illegal drugs.

How to Treat Gummosis, or Bleeding in Tree Bark

How to Treat Gummosis, or Bleeding in Tree Bark Bleeding bark on  trees and other woody plants  often leads to concern when its discovered by tree growers and yard tree owners. Gum or sap draining from a tree trunk or limbs is common in trees in the genus Prunus, which includes peaches and cherries, but it can happen in many species. This sap flow can be caused by biotic diseases, which are triggered by living organisms such as fungi, and abiotic injury, caused by non-living factors such as sunlight and temperature change. One textbook definition gummosis is the copious production and exudation of gum by a diseased or damaged tree, especially as a symptom of a disease of fruit trees. But it also can be an early symptom of other problems, not only in orchards but in prized landscape trees in yards, parks, and forests.   Gummosis can weaken a tree, but it isnt the end of the world. Bleeding or oozing of sap from a tree, although not normal, wont necessarily permanently harm a tree or woody plant; most of them will survive. Its also important to remember that there are many causes for free-running sap from trees, including insect borers, cankers, bark injury, and a variety of diseases. Controlling these sources of damage will control gum deposits and sap flow, but there usually is no cure. Causes Gum exuding from cherry, peach, and sweetgum trees is common, so keep an eye on these species. Gummosis isnt a pathogen in itself but the response to environmental stress from pathogenic, insect, or mechanical injury. Pathogenic infectious diseases and cankers that result in bleeding sap can become problematic in fruit orchards. Particularly, the  cytospora canker, or perennial canker, commonly causes fungal bleeding in stone fruited trees such as apricot, cherry, peach, and plum. This infection can be distinguished from insect damage and mechanical injuries because sawdust or pieces of bark arent mixed in the sap, as would be the case with insect or mechanical damage. It isnt vital for you to identify the specific cause or causes involved, but its very important to differentiate between insect infestation, mechanical injury, and infectious disease for diagnosis. Prevention and Treatment There are management practices you can follow to lower the risk of gummosis: Be careful when using lawn and garden equipment to avoid tree tissue injury, which can harbor fungal spores.Prevent winter cold injury to your tree by planting cold-hardy species within their hardiness zones and outside isolated wind  avenues.Maintain a trees health to discourage boring insects.Prune and dispose of limbs during late winter.Try to identify whether the tree has been injured mechanically, been attacked by insects, or infected by a disease. Typically, mechanical injury and insects will leave exposed sapwood or sawdust. Treat the  causes as best you can while increasing the most comfortable tree conditions for optimal health. Increasing tree vigor is important and will yield great results. One helpful treatment is applying several pints of garden lime under the tree drip line if your site has a low to moderate PH. Raising soil Ph to 6.5 can do wonders for tree health.

Louis Daguerre, Inventor of Daguerreotype Photography

Louis Daguerre, Inventor of Daguerreotype Photography Louis Daguerre (November 18, 1787–July 10, 1851) was the inventor of the daguerreotype, the first form of modern photography. A professional scene painter for the opera with an interest in lighting effects, Daguerre began experimenting with the effects of light upon translucent paintings in the 1820s.  He became known as one of the fathers of photography. Fast Facts: Louis Daguerre Known For: Inventor of modern photography (the daguerreotype)Also Known As: Louis-Jacques-Mandà © DaguerreBorn: November 18, 1787 in Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-dOise, FranceParents:  Louis  Jacques  Daguerre, Anne Antoinette HauterreDied: July 10, 1851 in Bry-sur-Marne, FranceEducation: Apprenticed to  Pierre Prà ©vost, the first French panorama painterAwards and Honors:  Appointed an officer of the  Legion of Honour; assigned an annuity in return for his photographic process.Spouse: Louise Georgina Arrow-SmithNotable Quote: The daguerreotype is not merely an instrument which serves to draw Nature; on the contrary, it is a chemical and physical process which gives her the power to reproduce herself. Early Life Louis Jacques Mandà © Daguerre was born in 1787 in the small town of Cormeilles-en-Parisis, and his family then moved to Orlà ©ans. While his parents were not wealthy, they did recognize their sons artistic talent. As a result, he was able to travel to Paris and study with the panorama painter Pierre Prà ©vost. Panoramas were vast, curved paintings intended for use in theaters. Diorama Theatres In the spring of 1821, Daguerre partnered with Charles Bouton to create a  diorama  theatre. Bouton was a more experienced painter but he eventually bowed out of the project, so Daguerre acquired sole responsibility of the diorama theatre. The first diorama theatre was built in Paris, next to Daguerres studio. The first exhibit opened in July 1822 showing two tableaux, one by Daguerre and one by Bouton. This would become a pattern. Each exhibition would typically have two tableaux, one by each artist. Also, one would be an interior depiction and the other would be a landscape. The diorama was staged in a round room 12 meters in diameter that could seat up to 350 people. The room rotated, presenting a huge translucent screen painted on both sides. The presentation used special lighting to make the screen transparent or opaque. Additional panels were added to create tableaux with effects that could include thick fog, bright sun, and other conditions. Each show lasted about 15 minutes. The stage would then be rotated to present a second, completely different show. Diorama became a popular new medium and imitators arose. Another diorama theater opened in London, taking only four months to build. It opened in September 1823. Partnership With Joseph Nià ©pce Daguerre regularly used a camera obscura as an aid to painting in perspective, which led him  to think about ways to keep the image still. In 1826 he discovered the work of Joseph Nià ©pce, who was working on a technique for stabilizing images captured with the camera obscura. In 1832, Daguerre and Nià ©pce used a photosensitive agent based on lavender oil. The process was successful: they were able to obtain stable images in under eight hours. The process was called Physautotype. Daguerreotype After Nià ©pces death, Daguerre continued his experiments with the goal of developing a more convenient and effective method of photography. A fortunate accident resulted in his discovery that mercury vapor from a broken thermometer could speed the development of a latent image from eight hours to just 30 minutes. Daguerre introduced the daguerreotype process to the public on August 19, 1839, at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris. Later that year, Daguerre and Nià ©pces son sold the rights for the daguerreotype to the French government and published a booklet describing the process. The Daguerreotype Process, Camera and Plates The daguerreotype is a direct-positive process, creating a highly detailed image on a sheet of copper plated with a thin coat of silver without the use of a negative. The process required great care. The silver-plated copper plate had to first be cleaned and polished until the surface looked like a mirror. Next, the plate was sensitized in a closed box over iodine until it took on a yellow-rose appearance. The plate, held in a lightproof holder, was then transferred to the camera. After exposure to light, the plate was developed over hot mercury until an image appeared. To fix the image, the plate was immersed in a solution of sodium thiosulfate or salt and then toned with gold chloride. Exposure times for the earliest daguerreotypes ranged from 3-15 minutes, making the process nearly impractical for portraiture. Modifications to the sensitization process, coupled with the improvement of photographic lenses, soon reduced the exposure time to less than a minute. Although daguerreotypes are unique images, they could be copied by re-daguerreotyping the original. Copies were also produced by lithography or engraving. Portraits based upon daguerreotypes appeared in popular periodicals and in books. James Gordon Bennett, the editor of the New York Herald, posed for his daguerreotype at Bradys studio. An engraving based on this daguerreotype later appeared in the Democratic Review. Daguerreotypes in America American photographers quickly capitalized on this new invention, which was capable of capturing a truthful likeness. Daguerreotypists in major cities invited celebrities and political figures to their studios in the hopes of obtaining a likeness for display in their windows and reception areas. They encouraged the public to visit their galleries, which were like museums, in the hope that they would desire to be photographed as well. By 1850, there were more than 70 daguerreotype studios in New York City alone. Robert Cornelius 1839 self-portrait is the earliest extant American photographic portrait. Working outdoors to take advantage of the light, Cornelius (1809-1893) stood before his camera in the yard behind his familys lamp and chandelier store in Philadelphia, hair askew and arms folded across his chest, and looked off into the distance as if trying to imagine what his portrait would look like. Cornelius and his silent partner Dr. Paul Beck Goddard opened a daguerreotype studio in Philadelphia around May 1840 and made improvements to the daguerreotype process that enabled them to make portraits in a matter of seconds, rather than the three- to 15-minute window. Cornelius operated his studio for two and a half years before returning to work for his familys thriving gas light fixture business. Death Toward the end of his life, Daguerre returned to the Paris suburb of Bry-sur-Marne and resumed painting dioramas for churches. He died in the city at age 63 on July 10, 1851. Legacy Daguerre is often described as the father of modern photography, a major contribution to contemporary culture. Considered a democratic medium, photography provided the middle class with an opportunity to attain affordable portraits. The popularity of the daguerreotype declined in the late 1850s when the ambrotype, a faster and less expensive photographic process, became available. A few contemporary photographers have revived the process. Sources â€Å"Daguerre and the Invention of Photography.†Ã‚  Nicephore Niepce House Photo Museum.Daniel, Malcolm. â€Å"Daguerre (1787–1851) and the Invention of Photography.† In  Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.Leggat, Robert. A History of Photography  from Its Beginnings Till the 1920s.

Music Culture - The Four Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music Culture - The Four Components - Essay Example The second component of the music culture includes the activities which employ music. Today music is used in almost all the spheres of human activity, and music itself has become a separate activity practiced both by amateurs and by professionals. It is also remarkable that music itself has become a very lucrative business, and it is not normal that sometimes its quality may suffer so that more income could be gained from its mass production. Filmmaking is the first activity mentioned when the music-employing activities are in question. In this sphere of activity, music is one of the key components of the proper product making, as it often conveys such emotions and information which is impossible to be transferred otherwise. Music is also employed by ritual events. This means that such events from one’s life as marriage, child’s birth, college entering etc. are in most cases accompanied by music, and its kind and mood depends on the nature of the event, that is, if the event is positive and gives happiness, then the music is also major and pompous, and, on the contrary, negative events imply involvement of sad music. This means that music has relation to the norms of the society. It helps people honor their colleagues or relatives and mourn the loss of someone or something very dear, that is, expressing one’s feelings and emotions, maintenance of interpersonal communication.RepertoireThe next, the third, component of the music culture is the music repertoire.

Community Engagement Assignment Earth care Packaging Essay

Community Engagement Assignment Earth care Packaging - Essay Example If unchecked, the pollution might ultimately lead to a corruption of the water-supply and sewer systems around the town. The lake cleaning activity was a joint activity of the Michigan county council and the UNEP. The two organizers not only organized the event but also provided the materials to be used during the cleaning. In line with the course emphasis on ethics and social responsibility as relating to environmental issues, the cleaning was a wakeup call to the obvious harm that industrialization had on the environment. The theme of the exercise was one that called on safe industrialization practices, targeted mainly on the big multi-million dollars so engrossed with their business prospects that they pay little heed to the cry to spare the environmental. The address on the ethical decisions and procedures in the disposal of their waste materials should take more into account the impact it has on the general society. As such, the role of social of ensuring the environment is clean or healthy should not be delegated only to the town council or other green world movements but should be adopted as an obligation of every individual. This is the meaning of social responsibility. When applied to the industry, the right term will be corporate social responsibility. The amount of personal satisfaction that I derived from engaging in this activity was really fulfilling. I was able, to not only engage my time in a worthy cause but was also able to gain a wealth of knowledge about how simple acts such as littering the pathways might ultimately lead to such bigger environmental problems as global warming, more often than not resulting in untold misery not only to plants and animals, but also to the human beings. By participating in this activity, I learnt of the immense role and power of an individual in ensuring the preservation of the environment. I learnt that social responsibility starts with an

Focus on the Learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the Learner Essay Muftah, married with four children, is a pleasant student who is struggling in class. Muftah did not receive any English in secondary school or university. He worked as a Physical Education teacher for two years, and then was employed with the Ministry of Youth and Sports for twenty years. In his years of employment, Muftah never needed to speak or write in English until about two years ago, when he started attending International House. He says that he is now learning English because he has a lot of time on his hands. Muftah prefers to study at home, not with friends. He says that he does not focus on reading or writing; but, he enjoys practicing his speaking skills with his fourteen year old son because that’s where he feels he needs improvement. Muftah sees this as an opportunity to bond with, and encourage, his son because Muftah never got this chance when he was younger. When asked if he is interested in working in a company in the future to maintain his English, he said that he will think about it. Muftah joined International House around two years ago and has had no previous official English education. He studies English for fun and to bond with his children who are now studying English in school; so, he regards English as a social tool rather than one to grow career wise. Muftah is very cooperative in class and participates from time to time. He enjoys group work but prefers to work in pairs because he feels he learns more than when he is with a group of people. Muftah’s strengths are in reading and comprehension. In a scanning activity, he responded accurately when asked to read a letter for one minute and reply to three questions: who sent it, where was it sent from, whom was it sent to. In controlled practice of a reading text, he answers fairly accurately when working on column matching or multiple choice exercises. However, when reading longer texts, (e.g. a newspaper article on eating healthy) he finds difficulty in responding accurately and correctly, yet he seems to put things into context and tell briefly what the piece is about. His teacher says that he sometimes leans towards looking for the answer in Arabic from peers and is the least confident in class; so, he may need to be told to engage fully in English. In addition to his less obvious weakness in skimming texts, Muftah displayed mistakes which were typical to those of an Arab learner in pronunciation and grammar. When conducting a pronunciation exercise, his vowels were incorrectly placed most of the time; this may be due to interference from his L1 because Arabic has a different number of vowel sounds from English. Wednesday: /wenÉ ªzde/ scholastic: /skÉ’lstÉ ªk/ sporadic: /spÉ’rdÉ ªk/ Thursday: /teresde/ Shirt: /ÊÆ'eÉ ªrt/ socks: /sÊÅ'ks/ clothes: /klÉ’dÉ ªs/ Department: /dÉ ªpà ¦rtÉ™mÉ ªnt/ Management: /mà ¦nÉ ªÃŠâ€™mÉ ªnt/ January: /Ê’Ã ¦nu:wÉ™rÉ ª/ Also sounds such as /v/, /p/ and /Ê ¤/ were not accurate on the first attempt and replaced with a /f/ and /b/ and /Ê’/ respectively; this is due to the absence of these sounds in the Libyan dialect. In grammar, his auxiliary verbs are either lacking or placed incorrectly, for example: ‘Where you live?’ and ‘What you doing?’; however, if he is asked to repeat, he will acknowledge his mistake and self-correct it. Again, this is due to not having auxiliary verbs in Arabic, just question words. In an attempt to strengthen his skimming skills, Muftah may buy an English newspaper on his way to work (or borrow a magazine from the school library), pick an article, and try to summarize it with his son. At the end of the week, he may hand it to his teacher for homework to check, and attach a list of new vocabulary he learned from the article. That way he can develop his repertoire of vocabulary, and, at the same time, improve his reading and writing skills. If he hands in the homework three weeks in a row, he can have a break the fourth week to celebrate his accomplishment with his son. Another area I would focus on strengthening is forming the interrogative with auxiliary verbs. Divide a poster board into four (or more) categories: sports, music, animals, and history. Each category is colour-coded and should have four to five envelopes under it. In each envelope there is either a name of a personality, an important event, etc. On each envelope there is the number of points to be won, if participant answers correctly, e.g. 100, 200, 300, etc. To play the game, you will need three persons, player A, player B and a referee. The referee stands by the poster board to take out the card that the players choose. The player will then start to ask 5 questions (yes/no questions or wh- questions) to guess what is on the card. For example, in the Sports category, the card may hold Tiger Woods’ name (or another regionally familiar athlete), so player A will ask the referee: Is it a man or a woman? What game does he play? Where is he from? Does he still pay? If he guesses correctly, he gets the points if not; then, a chance is given to player B to gain the points. If neither player guesses correctly, no points are given and they can try again later.

Hallucinations and the Human Consciousness Essay -- Biology Essays Res

Hallucinations and the Human Consciousness The idea of consciousness has been contemplated throughout the course of neurobiology and behavior. When does it begin or end? And what, precisely, is consciousness? Though researchers may only approximate the answers to these questions, a few things may be inferred. Since the subconscious mind is the sleeping mind, the conscious mind can be thought of as the awakened mind, the mind which shows itself to others most often. (1) This is not to say that the conscious mind is reality, because (as will later be explained) reality is quite subjective. (1) It is just that the conscious mind is the one most people associate with reality. For example, people who experience an event while dreaming will refer to it as a dream, because it occurred in their subconscious. Whereas, if the event had occurred while they were awake-in their conscious mind-frame, then it would be considered as an actual experience. The designation between subconscious and conscious or reality and dreamlike states seem to be cut and dry. However altered mind-sets confuse the line and cause hallucinations. When we dream, our thinking is mostly pictorial and depends on memory. (1) We may hear words, but we understand most of the dream through pictures and people from the past or present. As we awaken, our mind switches from pictorial thinking to word-based thinking. (1) Hallucinations occur when the mind does not completely switch, or switches back, to the conscious state. (1,2) The first thing to note about hallucinations is that they have long been associated with mental illness because many people become confused as to what they are seeing or experiencing. (2) Though hallucinations do occur in mentally ill peo... ...ana demonstrates how hallucinations are not necessarily negative events. Though the mind is being distorted to a certain degree, the cause of the hallucination is more important than the hallucination itself. If drug use or a mental illness brings about the hallucination, the causes themselves are problematic. However, if one chooses to hallucinate because of a culture or religion, as in the cases of meditation and peyote, their behavior is justified. There is still much to be researched in this area of neurobiology and behavior. Not only because little is known, but also because it is far more common than most people would like to think, since psychologically and biologically ill people as well as normal people may hallucinate from time to time. Internet Sources: http://bluezoo.org/ http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper1/Ebbitt.html

Plato’s theory of Forms

Forms are defined as the objects or â€Å"things† we believe to see in which are not physically there, but in the form in which they are perceived. These Forms described in Plat's theory are only intellectually comprehended not physically. To Plato, nothing that is physical can be â€Å"Perfect,† perfect only exists in theory. But these Forms are not Ideas, simply because these forms existed before anyone was around to imagine these things.There were always â€Å"things† in shapes, or dutiful things, or quantities of things before there were people having ideas or giving names to these things. Plato was aware of the physical sense of things, but believed they had a lesser reality because they can always approximate their form and are always to some extent flawed. Aristotle on the other hand, disagreed with Plato on his theory of forms because he believed Plat's theory to be meaningless. Aristotle argument against Plato Is referred to as the Third man Argument.Ari stotle believed that if everything is unconnected by some type of outside form that relates everything together, there must be another form connecting that form with the first form and so on. He viewed the forms as Universals-Something that more than one Individual can be. Saying that something can be connected to more than one thing, so circularity, beauty, largeness and greenness are examples of universals because more than one thing can be circular, beautiful, large or green. So people, or animals or plants are not universals they are particulars because only one thing can be these things.I agree with Aristotle on his Idea of proving Plato wrong with universals and particulars. I think that these forms cannot Just end with one thing In common, that more than one adjective can be described per object. If something Is circular and that Is what Is In common, say the example are coins, they can also be silver, ridged, small, large, heavy, light, there are many ways of describing an o bject and their forms would be never ending. Plat's theory of Forms By landlubber's he believed Plat's theory to be meaningless.Aristotle argument against Plato is forms as Universals-something that more than one individual can be. Saying that I agree with Aristotle on his idea of proving Plato wrong with universals and particulars. I think that these forms cannot Just end with one thing in common, that more than one adjective can be described per object. If something is circular and that is what is in common, say the example are coins, they can also be silver, ridged, small, large, heavy, light, there are many ways of describing an object and their forms

Adulterated Food: A Serious Public Health Problem in Bangladesh Essay

Adulteration of food with toxic chemicals harmful to health has reached an epidemic proportion in Bangladesh. The newspapers have dubbed it as the ‘silent killer’. It is very difficult to find a sector of food industry which is free of adulteration. From raw vegetable and fruits to milk and milk products to fish, meat and processed food–every food item is contaminated. Almost every day in the news papers, newer and newer methods of adulterating newer and newer types of foods are reported. Carbide, formalin, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Contamination of foods with toxic chemicals pose a serious threat to public health, especially in a country like Bangladesh where due to poor health literacy, level of awareness is very low. Immediate effect of ingestion of such foods may be severe forms of diarrhoea (food poisoning), threatening life. In the long run, these chemicals in food adversely affect vital organs such as the liver and kidney resulting in organ failure and/or cancer and thus, untimely loss of life. There is no database in the country for these, but the recent surge in liver and kidney failure patients in the hospitals is indicative of the deteriorating situation. Ironically, people from all walks of life is aware of the hazards of taking foods adulterated with toxic chemicals, but this knowledge is not translated into practice. In a recent study, it has been found that though people are aware about the health hazards, they are nevertheless buying and consuming these adulterated foods. Several explanations are made for this paradox; absence or unavailability of non-adulterated food, failure of the regulatory agency to test and screen out adulterated food, adulterated foods are attractive in appearance and costs less, cultural factors and food habits etc. There is no paucity of laws and regulations to contain adulteration of food in Bangladesh such as Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute (BSTI) Ordinance of 1985, and the Pure Food Ordinance of 2005. Under the purview of these rules come the following offences: fake licenses, poor quality of food, substandard infrastructure and lack of maintaining hygiene, food adulteration, food impurity, incorrect information on food packages, selling products whose date have expired etc. However, the problem lies in its sustained and appropriate implementation by credible authority. Occasionally, the regulatory authorities will be suddenly in an active mode, and conduct mobile courts to penalize sellers/producers for selling contaminated products/foods. Then, there will be a lull for a few days and after few weeks, business becomes as usual. So what is to be done? First and foremost, commitment from the political establishment to wage a sustained campaign against these perpetrators of heinous crime, and establish our fundamental right to have safe and nutritious food! For this to achieve, relentless enforcement of existing laws with the execution of highest penalty possible, awareness-building campaign among consumers, promotion of ethical practices among the business community with active involvement of the business leaders, and capacity development of public health labs to test food items for adulteration on the spot are needed. The consumer rights groups should be more vocal and play active role in developing a mass campaign/movement in the country Safe and unadulterated food is out human right!†¦ Let’s work together to achieve this. Food adulteration detection  Food Tea Leaves Adulterant Iron Flakes Detection Spread a small quantity (2 tea-spoon) of the sample on a piece of paper. Draw a magnet over it. Iron flakes, if present, cling to the magnet. The same test may be carried out to trace iron flakes from tea half-dust and iron filings from tea dust. Food Tea Leaves Adulterant Leather Flakes Detection Prepare a paper-ball. Fire the ball and drop a little amount of the sample on it. The presence of leather flakes emits an odour of burnt leather. Food Tea Leaves Adulterant Coal Tar Dye Detection Scatter a little amount (1 tea-spoon) of the sample n a moistened white blotting paper. After 5 minutes, remove the sample and examine the paper. A revelation of coloured spots indicates the use of the dye. Food Coriander powder and Cumin Powder Adulterant Saw Dust Detection Take a little amount (a half of tea-spoon) of the sample. Sprinkle it on water in a bowl. Spice powder gets sedimented at the bottom and saw-dust floats on the surface. Food Green vegetables like Bitter Gourd, Green Chilli and others Adulterant Malachite Green Detection Take a small part of the sample and place it on a piece of moistened white blotting paper. The impression of colour on the paper indicates the use of malachite green, or any other low priced artificial colour. Food Arhar Pulse Adulterant Kesarri Pulse Detection Kesari Pulse has a characteristic wedge shape. Larger Kesari resembles Arhar (Tur). It can be separated by visual examination. Food Black Pepper Adulterant Papaya Seeds Detection Papaya seeds do not have any smell and are relatively smaller in size. Adulteration of papaya seed with Black Pepper may be detected by way of visual examination as also by way of smelling. Food Rice Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, unhusked paddy, rice bran, talc, etc. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and removed by way of sorting, picking, and washing. Food Wheat Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, chopped straw, bran, unhusked grain, and seeds of weeds. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and removed by way of sorting, picking, and washing. CHEMICAL TEST Food Coffee powder Adulterant Cereal starch Detection Take a small quantity (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube and add 3 ml of distilled water in it. Light a spirit lamp and heat the contents to colourize. Add 33 ml of a solution of potassium permanganate and muratic acid (1:1) to decolourize the mixture. The formation of blue colour in mixture by addition of a drop of 1% aqueous solution of iodine indicated adulteration with starch. Food Coffee powder Adulterant Powder of scorched persimmon stones Detection Take a small quantity (1 tea-spoon) of the sample and spread it on a moistened blotting paper. Pour on it, with much care, 3 ml of 2% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. A red colouration indicates the presence of powder of scorched persimmon stones in coffee powder. Food Jaggery Adulterant Sodium bicarbonate Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of muratic acid. The presence of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate effects effervescence. Food Jaggery Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol and shake the tube vigorously to mix up the contents. Pour 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates the presence of metanil yellow colour in jaggery. Food Asafoetida Adulterant Resin and colour Detection Take a little amount of small parts of the sample in test tube. Add 3 ml of distilled water and shake the tube gently. Pure asafoetida dissolves in water very quickly and produces a milky white colour, but in case of adulteration with a chemical colour the mixture turns to be coloured. The purity of asafoetida may also be examined by taking a little amount of it on the tip of a force and placing the same on the flame of a spirit lamp. Asafoetida burns quickly, producing bright flame and leaving the impurities behind. Food Gram powder Adulterant Kesari powder Detection Take a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube with 3 ml of distilled water. Add 3 ml of muratic acid. Immerse the tube in warm water. Check the tube after 15 minutes. A violet colouration indicates the presence of Kesari powder in Gram powder. Food Gram powder Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a small quantity (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol. Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. Add 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates adulteration of gram powder with metanil yellow. Food Processed food, sweetmeat or syrup Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection The presence of this chemical colour in food is very easy to detect as it shines very brightly under sun. A more precise methods of detection is also there. Take a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of carbon tetrachloride and shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. The mixture becomes colourless and an addition of a drop of hydrochloric acid brings the colour back when food contains Rhodamine B colour. Food Processed food, sweetmeat or syrup Adulterant Metanil Yellow Detection Take little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. The appearance of rosy colour indicates adulteration of food with metanil yellow. Food Parched rice Adulterant Urea Detection Take 30 pieces of parched rice in a test tube. Add 5 ml of distilled water. Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. After 5 minutes, filter water contents and add to it a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of powder of arhar or soyabean. Wait for another 5 minutes and then dip a red litmus paper in the mixture. Lift the paper after 30 seconds and examine it. A blue colouration indicates the use of urea in parched rice. Food Turmeric powder Adulterant Metanil Yellow colour Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol. Shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. Add 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates the use of metanil yellow colour in turmeric powder. Food Green vegetable like green chilli etc. Adulterant Malachite Green Detection Rub the outer green surface of a small part of the sample with a liquid paraffin soaked cotton. The sample is adulterated when the white cotton turns green. Food Dry red chilli Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a red chilli from the sample and rub the outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. The sample is adulterated if the cotton becomes red. Food Dry turmeric root Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a piece of dry turmeric root and rub the outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. A yellow colouration of cotton indicates adulteration of turmeric root with metanil yellow colour. Food Sweet potato Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a small part of the sample and rub the red outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. The cotton adhering colour indicates the use of Rhodamine B colour on outer surface of the sweet potato.

Is Sex Eroding Moral Values essays

Is Sex Eroding Moral Values essays Moral can be defined loosely as "of good character". Values are "a belief, or standard". The question at hand is, has sex eroded moral values? Sex is everywhere. It is not limited to the bedroom anymore, but to the television, movies, billboards, office buildings and the White House. The open discussion and study of sex dates back only about a century, to the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that sexuality was innate, present in humans at birth. Freud lived at a time when sexuality was considered unsavory, and was avoided in all polite conversation and social interaction. His breakthrough thinking affected social practices as well as therapeutic ones. In Freud's own era, the "moral fog that had enshrouded sexuality for most of the nineteenth century did not begin to lift until after the First World War" (Janus, 11). Where do we get our morals and values? Character education was what took place in school and society in the past. It was sometimes heavy-handed and always liable to abuse, but it seemed to serve our culture well over a long period of time. But what we have now, for the most part, is the "decision-making approach" (Kilpatrick, 16). In one form or another, sometimes as a course in itself, sometimes as a strategy in sex education classes, sometimes as a unit in civics or social sciences, it has set the tone for moral education in public and even private schools. "The shift from character education to the decision-making model was begun with the best of intentions. The new approach was meant to help students to think more independently and critically about values" (Kilpatric,16). Proponents claimed that a young person would be more committed to self-discovered values than to ones that were simply handed down by adults. That was the hope, but the actual consequences of the shi ft have been quite different. For students, it has meant wholesale confusion about moral values: learning to question value...

Hire a Copywriter and Learn How to Be a Good Manager for Your Future

Hire a Copywriter and Learn How to Be a Good Manager for Your Future Hire a Copywriter and Learn How to Be a Good Manager for Your Future College is full of experiences and opportunities to learn, but the lessons and knowledge gained from first hand experience applies most readily to real life situations you will encounter in the future. When you enter the workforce you may find that your degree will get your foot in the door, but once you are there, your experiences from real life, and the on the job training you receive will be your true teachers. In you professional career, degrees won’t matter as much as results will and showing your employers your degree will mean very little when compared to showing them your performance. Experience Counts One way students can gain real life experience with a wide range of applications, is by managing employees or managing projects. Most college students quickly learn that college is full of projects, but few see those projects and papers as opportunity to gain management skills. But this is precisely what they are, and those students who take on the task with a mindset to learn management will gain the most from these experiences. Many college students understandably view projects and papers as a means to learn more about the subject matter they are studying in or majoring in. But if the student can see these as an opportunity to learn management skills, they will optimize their learning. A team project in college may take people management skills, leadership skills, as a team needs a leader to run well, presentation skills, if the team must present, writing skills for material handed in or presented, technical skills and more. These skills are above and beyond the subject matter being learned by he student. Skills Gained from Paper Writing If a student has an important paper due, this can be viewed as a project during which a great deal of management experience can be gained. You may improve time management and organizational skills as well. Skills Gained by Managing a Freelancer for Your Project One skill you may not have thought of is the management experience you can gain by hiring a freelancer to assist with your paper. Managing a freelancer requires communication skills, as you must convey your vision of the paper to them, insure they understand the vision, and communicate expectations for deadline, writing style, subject and other details. Hiring a freelancer is similar to having a remote, temporary employee. Since they are working for you, you must direct their activities as it relates to your paper or project. You must manage time to ensure deadlines for the paper are being met, so it will be finished by the due date. You must review content and give feedback when necessary. One of the greatest management skills one can obtain is the ability to motivate their employees and give feedback in such a way that they get the performance they need. If you have positive feedback for an employee you should give that to them, and if possible, give the praise publicly. This is extremely motivating and will help you as a manager to continue getting the performance you need. If you have negative feedback, or perhaps have something that needs to be changed, you of course need to give that feedback. The way you give the feedback is very important: it must be done tactfully, clarifying expectations, and if necessary, taking responsibility for unclear communication with the employee. Clearly, you are attending university to be educated on the subject matter of your chosen major, but don’t miss out on all of the periphery experience to be attained there. At our company you can hire an academic expert for writing a custom paper of any complexity, in more than 50 disciplines.

Lower division capstone ip3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lower division capstone ip3 - Essay Example Following is how I start. Before we start, I would postulate that I could expect to achieve a face-to-face interview at three prominent organizations that I know and that I also know in particular as attractive and potential employers. On my list Wal-Mart is the first one. Undoubtedly this is an organization that is well known to me and comfy talking about as far as marketing is related. Continued expansion and success are attributes that make this particular firm so attracting for the job. A workable opportunity in the marketing department should be permissible as praiseworthy. The most significant of it is to categorize whether the asked opportunity is a low hanging fruit, single, or a good home run. Moreover, the most crucial thing is to assess every opportunity of marketing and after that come to an communicated decision that will mostly likely to be based on my past experiences and market research to finalize the best one out of those ideas. Foreseeing the selected idea will result positively or negatively on the organization and also deciding the importance of the opportunity would be for a financial improvement or not. My suggestion for business giant like Wal-Mart is to go for the implementation of cell phone contract with the reliable network of the country, but with Wal-Mart acting the go between to help will ease up the process for the customers as possible. It would be quite an easy objective for Wal-Mart to master; if I would have to categorize it, I will set it in the easily achievable category or the fruit hanging low in the customer domain. However, this objective will give boost to the company to compete with the other national cellular service providers who would also want to take advantage for providing this service. Second one my valuable companies would be Blockbuster. My suggestion for this company would be to upgrade in the digital area. If they are able to upgrade themselves in the field of technology and have more

Ensuring Sustainability in Infrastructure Development Assignment

Ensuring Sustainability in Infrastructure Development - Assignment Example The objective of this study is to evaluate different forms of sustainable approaches that are practiced in different components of infrastructure development. Based on the analysis undertaken a pragmatic intervention across all the infrastructure development programmes in UK could be proposed. There are different ways in which the sustainability is currently addressed. It could be in the form of energy efficient construction where materials used for construction are prepared through the processes that consume very less quantity of energy. Every material used for construction demands certain amount of energy for its manufacture. Materials like cement and steel are the examples for high energy materials being used for construction. Thus making infrastructure development process more energy efficient demands optimum use these high energy materials. With energy crisis looming large it is essential that entire construction process need to be turned energy efficient. Another approach is to substitute the conventional building materials, like aggregates, with different alternate materials. This would also result in lesser dependence on scarce natural resources and also finds an alternate use for other wise waste by product. Implementing energy conservation measures in the buildi ng and other systems through innovative means could also make the design and construction of infrastructure elements both energy and environmental friendly. Methodology The methodology followed is the detailed analysis of the available literature on the sustainable practices at different places across the world. Various innovative practices adopted could be identified and a scenario analysis is undertaken to assess their viability in UK conditions. The possible policy level interventions in the transportation planning are also carried out. Based on the results obtained s strategy for effective implementation of sustainable development initiatives for infrastructure promotion schemes are proposed. Literature Review Energy efficient construction process The important guideline for the sustainable design of the building units is given by BREEAM guidelines. BREEAM refers to the Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method, which is the globally used method to improve and review the environmental performance of building (Article base, 2008). These methods could help to address the issues like high-energy use, large quantities of waste, poor comfort conditions for occupancy and very low user satisfaction by reviewing and improving the environmental performance of building. Further, these systems are also considered to have resulted in better environment indoors, high productivity, retention of staff and also attracting talented employees. The guidelines could also be followed in evolving regional transportation plan. The special emphasis given for cycle and motorways in some specific locations to ensure better mobility for masses and also to reduce pollutions is an example in this connection (Article base, 2008). A nother major intervention for energy conservation in the building is by configuring the walls with materials having appropriate thermal capacity values. In the case of walls the U value to be considered could be 0.22 Watts/m2K which could be achieved in the case of masonry walls by filling the fibre

What is Islamophobia Is it a real concern Is it racism Essay

What is Islamophobia Is it a real concern Is it racism - Essay Example The unwanted importance given to the fear of Islam leads to dislike towards the majority of Muslims, who are moderate and secular. Besides, Islamophobia denies the feelings of moderate Muslims who consider religion and politics as different entities. Halim Rane, Jacqui Ewart, and Mohamad Abdalla state that Islamophobic expressions are either passive (inauspicious attitude) or active (discrimination) (Rane, Ewart, & Abdalla, 2010). Islamophobia forces the world community to consider Islam as the most important threat on world peace and co-operation among world religions. In addition, Islamophobia projects the aggressiveness of Islam and its ideology. At the same time, Islam is considered as a political ideology based on religious ideology. In short, Islamophobia is the enmity towards Islam and Muslims as a whole. But it leads to discrimination and marginalization of secular Muslims who are not interested in political Islam. In the United States, Islamophobia is a burning issue which leads to the discrimination of Muslim minority. But all Americans do not consider Muslims as terrorists or religious extremists. As the United States is a multi-religious society, there exists high possibility for difference in opinion on a particular issue. The 9/11 attacks resulted in the strong hatred against Islam as an extremist religion. Mahmood Mamdani states that the post 9/11 culture talk shows unwanted interest to connect terrorism and Islam (Mamdani, 17). The global spread of terrorism and religious extremism increased the scope of anti-Islamic sentiment among the people. For instance, the term ‘Camel Jockey’ is used to denote Muslims. Terrorism sponsored by the fundamentalist groups operating from the Middle East forced the Americans to consider Islam as a dangerous religion. The American war in Iran and Afghanistan ignited hatred among the Muslims. But these wars were not fought against Islam or Mu slims, but against the terrorists who are against world peace

Economy During Civil War and Slavery

Economy During Civil War and Slavery Group A: Colonial Experience 3. How could each of the various labor arrangements extant in the colonies be characterized? Why did the mix of people working under different arrangements change over time? The labor arrangements in colonial times widely varied from indentured servitude, redemptioners, prisoners, African slaves, to those from the free population. Indentured servants were individuals contracted to a certain type of work for an agreed upon amount of time, typically lasting from four to seven years (Hughes Cain, 2007). Their contracted work is in return for transportation across the Atlantic, as well as food, clothing, housing and perhaps training in a specific craft. Redemptioners were immigrants from Europe who were brought over by ship captains and were allowed a specified time to pay the captain back after arrival; according to Hughes Cain, payments were often made by placing one of their children into indentured servitude. While the transportation of prisoners over to colonial America was not the most popular of methods to acquire workers, it was still an important one nonetheless. Men and women convicted of a crime punishable by death in England were allowed to liv e on the condition of transporting themselves elsewhere. Ship captains welcomed prisoners on their voyage, as they proved to be a valuable commodity since they would trade them for produce before making the voyage back to Europe. The most well-known of all labor arrangements was that of African slaves. They were not protected as British subjects nor had any status in court, which means the slaves were unable to contract their own labor. Slaves were also considered their master’s property for life, including any children the slaves may bear. Lastly, the final form of labor was those from the free population who on their own funds purchased transportation to the colonies, which therefore made them eligible for individual land grants. Over time, indentutured servants became less enticing to employers, as slaves were cheaper for unskilled labor; most indentured servants were eventually replaced by African slaves or white servants. Once America gained its independence, British prisoners were understandably less welcomed in the new country as well. As new circumstances arise, the labor market changes accordingly to fit with the needs of the new market. Group B: Slavery and the Civil War 4. In what ways were the economic situations and economic policy interests of the south and other regions shared and different, in the years leading up to the civil war? While the Civil War mainly revolved around the fundamental differences between the north and the south, often times the similarities of economic policy of the two sides can be overlooked. For starters, both economies relied heavily on farming and they both used similar methods while working the land, even if the north was far more advanced from an industrial manufacturing point of view. As far as the economic differences, one need not look any further than the labor market of the two sides. In the south, the labor market was obviously driven by slave labor, as that was one of their main fighting points and a direct reason for secession; while the north did not allow slavery, but as a consequence, the labor was significantly more expensive than that of the south. Tariffs were a fundamental difference between the two sides as well; the south opposed tariffs entirely, as they wanted to keep the price of imported goods low. The north on the other hand was a proponent of imposing high tar iffs; this is because the higher the tariff from other countries, the more competitive the price of goods produced in the north would be. Without such tariffs, the goods from Europe were a cheaper option for the south to purchase, instead of directly benefitting the northern economy. As Baack and Ray assert, â€Å"the fact that tariff cuts were systematically associated with fast growth industries†¦lends support to our contention that tariff rates across industries and tariff changes over time were structured to serve the narrow economic protectionist needs of special interest groups† (Hughes Cain, 2007). The north had narrow interests in supporting their own economy and imposing tariffs served as that protection for special interest groups, exactly as Baack and Ray contended. This idea also lends itself with the concept of infant industry, where new economies may achieve domestic economic growth if only they initially shield themselves from foreign competition. The fin al difference lied in industrial manufacturing, as it was almost solely occurring in the north while the south had little involvement in the initial American industrial revolution. Group C: The Nineteenth Century 8. What were the key characteristics of industrialization in US, and important contributing factors? Immediately following the Civil War, the United States underwent what is now referred to as the â€Å"industrialization† process, where production by machine replaced manual labor and where new inventions and applied science were greatly emphasized. Some key characteristics of American industrialization include an increasing proportion of workers involved with manufacturing, as well as an overall greater availability of labor. Hughes and Cain (2007, p. 343) contend, â€Å"[w]orkers generally made their way into the industries experiencing the most rapid growth and demand for labor, producing relatively rapid labor force expansion.† Other key characteristics included growth of a national transportation network and expanded markets with ability to move products and raw materials quickly. Industrialization necessitated a wide-reaching transportation system for rapid movement of raw materials and finished products, which gave way for the steam engine and the railroad system . As Hughes and Cain (2007, p. 287) assert, â€Å"[t]he products of farm and factory, thousands of miles apart in their origins, were now easily mixed in the country’s new establishments of manufacturing and distribution.† The rail network provided a way for products to be shipped from New York to far reaching west coast towns at a pace previously unimagined. Isolated markets quickly became a thing of the past in the United States, as individuals living in previously unreached economies now had the access to products that were completely unavailable before the advent of the railroad. One of the final key characteristics of American industrialization included a steady increase in size and population of urban areas. As the population and labor availability increased, cities meant jobs and a variety of opportunities for a myriad of individuals. The extent of the economic scale of cities includes: transportation, education, medicine, sewage systems, central water, commutat ion, etc. The different amenities and job prospect attracted individuals to urban areas across the United States. Industrialization was clearly a major component of the advanced society of today, as it connected America through transportation, communication, utilizing cheaper raw goods, and taking advantage of an abundance of employment opportunities.

Thomas Edison Essay -- Thomas Edison Inventor Biography Essays

Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison - born February 11, 1847, Milan, Ohio, U.S. d. Oct. 18, 1931, West Orange, N.J. American inventor who, singly or jointly, held a world record 1,093 patents. In addition, he created the world's first industrial research laboratory. Edison was the quintessential American inventor in the era of Yankee ingenuity. He began his career in 1863, in the adolescence of the telegraph industry, when virtually the only source of electricity was primitive batteries putting out a low-voltage current. Before he died, in 1931, he had played a critical role in introducing the modern age of electricity. From his laboratories and workshops emanated the phonograph, the carbon-button transmitter for the telephone speaker and microphone, the incandescent lamp, a revolutionary generator of unprecedented efficiency, the first commercial electric light and power system, an experimental electric railroad, and key elements of motion-picture apparatus, as well as a host of other inventions. Edison was the seventh and last child--the fourth surviving--of Samuel Edison, Jr., and Nancy Elliot Edison. At an early age he developed hearing problems, which have been variously attributed but were most likely due to a familial tendency to mastoiditis. Whatever the cause, Edison's deafness strongly influenced his behaviour and career, providing the motivation for many of his inventions. Early years In 1854 Samuel Edison became the lighthouse keeper and carpenter on the Fort Gratiot military post near Port Huron, Mich., where the family lived in a substantial home. Alva, as the inventor was known until his second marriage, entered school there and attended sporadically for five years. He was imaginative and inquisitive, but because much instruction was by rote and he had difficulty hearing, he was bored and was labeled a misfit. To compensate, he became an avid and omnivorous reader. Edison's lack of formal schooling was not unusual. At the time of the Civil War the average American had attended school a total of 434 days--little more than two years' schooling by today's standards. In 1859 Edison quit school and began working as a trainboy on the railroad between Detroit and Port Huron. Four years earlier, the Michigan Central had initiated the commercial application of the telegraph by using it to control the movement of its tr... ...s for particular technologies. His issued patents are presented here in three lists—by execution date, patent date, and subject. The execution and patent date lists are each presented in six parts to make the files less cumbersome. He execution date of a patent application is the date on which the inventor signs the application, and hence is the date closest to the actual inventive activity. However, in his early years Edison did not always rush to his patent lawyer with an invention, especially if there was little competition for the invention or he was feeling broke and unable to pay the various fees involved in an application. In a few cases Edison removed some of the claims from an original application and filed a new application to cover those claims. The execution date of such a patent can be considerably later than that of the original application even though the patent covers designs from the earlier date. The subject lists are necessarily somewhat arbitrary. They are arranged by execution date. A few patents appear in two lists—for example, Patent 142,999 is for a battery Edison developed for telegraphy, and it is under "Batteries" and "Telegraphy and Telephony."